General Recommendations for Diabetic Retinopathy Patients
What is Diabetic Retinopathy? Diabetic Retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the eyes. It is caused by damage to the blood vessels in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. In Iran, it is estimated that 37.8% of type 2 diabetic patients suffer from this condition.
Symptoms In the early stages, Diabetic Retinopathy may not cause any symptoms or only mild vision problems. However, as the condition progresses, symptoms may include:
- Spots or dark strings floating in your vision (floaters)
- Blurred vision
- Fluctuating vision
- Dark or empty areas in your vision
- Vision loss
When to see an eye doctor If you have diabetes, it is recommended to have a yearly eye exam with dilation, even if your vision seems fine. If you’re pregnant and have diabetes, additional eye exams may be recommended throughout your pregnancy. Contact your eye doctor immediately if your vision changes suddenly or becomes blurry, spotty, or hazy.
Causes Over time, high blood sugar levels can lead to the blockage of the tiny blood vessels that nourish the retina, cutting off its blood supply. As a result, the eye attempts to grow new blood vessels, but these new blood vessels don’t develop properly and can leak easily.
Risk Factors The risk of developing Diabetic Retinopathy increases due to:
- Having diabetes for a long time
- Poor control of your blood sugar level
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Pregnancy
- Tobacco use
Complications Diabetic Retinopathy can lead to serious vision problems due to the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the retina. Complications may include:
- Vitreous hemorrhage
- Retinal detachment
- Glaucoma
- Blindness
Prevention To reduce your risk of Diabetic Retinopathy:
- Manage your diabetes through healthy eating and regular physical activity. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity, such as walking, each week. Take oral diabetes medications or insulin as directed.
- Monitor your blood sugar level regularly. You might need to check and record your blood sugar level several times a day, or more frequently if you’re ill or under stress.
- Keep your blood pressure and cholesterol under control through healthy eating, regular exercise, and weight management. Medication may be needed.
- If you smoke or use other types of tobacco, ask your doctor for help to quit. Smoking increases your risk of various diabetes complications, including Diabetic Retinopathy.
- Pay attention to vision changes. Contact your eye doctor right away if your vision suddenly changes or becomes blurry, spotty, or hazy.